Full experimental details for the preparation of each compound can be found in the Supplementary Information of the associated paper.

Infrared spectra were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer PerkinElmer Spectrum 100 ATR-FTIR spectrometer. Spectra were recorded of either thin films or solids, with characteristic absorption wavenumbers (νmax) reported in cm–1. 

1H, 13C{1H},  19F{1H}, and 31P{H} NMR spectra were acquired on either a Bruker AV300 (1H 300 MHz; 13C{1H} 75 MHz; 19F{1H} 282 MHz, 31P{H} 162Hz), a Bruker AV400 (1H 400 MHz; 13C{1H} 101 MHz; 19F{1H} 376 MHz, 31P{H} 162Hz), or an Agilent ProPulse 500 (1H 500 MHz, 13C{1H} 126 MHz, 19F{1H} 470 MHz) in the deuterated solvent stated. All chemical shifts are quoted in parts per million (ppm) relative to the residual solvent peak. All coupling constants, J, are quoted in Hz. Multiplicities are indicated as s (singlet), d (doublet), t (triplet), q (quartet), m (multiplet), and multiples thereof. The abbreviation Ar denotes aromatic and app denotes apparent. NMR peak assignments were confirmed using 2D 1H correlated spectroscopy (COSY), 2D 1H nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY), 2D 1H−13C heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation spectroscopy (HMBC), and 2D 1H−13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) where necessary.

Mass spectrometry (m/z) data were acquired by either electrospray ionisation (ESI), chemical ionisation (CI), electron impact (EI), atmospheric solids analysis probe (ASAP), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) or nanospray ionisation (NSI) at the University of Bath ([A]+ or [A]– quoted).