Quantifying the stability of individual plants or their contribution to soil reinforcement against erosion or landslides requires an understanding of the tensile properties of their roots. This work developed a new analytical model to understand the tensile stress–strain behaviour of a single root axis, which is the first to incorporating root anatomical features, in order to reduce the existing uncertainty in predictions. This data repository contains all data and analysis for the publication "Root anatomy and biomechanical properties: improving predictions through root cortical and stele properties".