1612 33 19646 4 79879 document 19646 figures.zip application/zip 421bdf1ba33c42a735a7dbfd1d075425 MD5 113324047 2025-10-27 15:34:16 https://researchdata.bath.ac.uk/1612/1/figures.zip 1612 1 1 application/zip other Data for figures in the publication 'Six-component electromagnetic wave measurements of sprite-associated lightning' en public cc_by

figures.zip

data archive 1007 disk0/00/00/16/12 2025-10-31 12:05:15 2026-04-17 14:19:10 2025-10-31 12:05:15 data_collection show Fullekrug Martin eesmf@bath.ac.uk 0000-0003-4588-3591 University of Bath TRUE dept_elec_eng remote sensing, lightning, electromagnetic fields, transient luminous events, sprites This data is to illustrate the theory, data analysis, and exemplary results of the data described in the corresponding publication entitled 'Six-component electromagnetic wave measurements of sprite-associated lightning'. Low frequency electromagnetic waves emitted by sprite-producing lightning are normally measured using vertical electric fields or horizontal magnetic fields. Here we report for the first time the simultaneous measurement of electromagnetic waves from sprite-producing lightning in all six electromagnetic field components Ex, Ey, Ez, Hx, Hy, and Hz. A rigorous assessment of the horizontal electric field measurements with dipole antennas in two independent calibration experiments shows that a timing uncertainty of ∼ 1−2 ns can be achieved, well above the current fundamental limit of the timing accuracy ∼1-5 ps. The coupling between the electric and magnetic fields is quantified using a transfer matrix, allowing the magnetic field to be reconstructed accurately from electric field measurements. The cross product of electric and magnetic fields is used to calculate peak energy fluxes and arrival azimuths from sprite-producing lightning. It is found that peak energy fluxes vary between ∼10-1000 µW/m 2 and that the differences between the measured and expected arrival azimuths are practically normally distributed with a mean and standard deviation of -7.0 deg ± 2.4 deg. It is concluded that horizontal electric field measurements are well suited to characterise electromagnetic waves with added benefits, including the ease of deployment in harsh environments, cost-effectiveness and scalability, e.g. for polarisation measurements in large low frequency arrays. The significance of this study is that it can be used as a pathfinder mission to identify critical technical requirements for the array deployment during the Africa2Moon lander mission. 2025-10-31 University of Bath public RightsHolder University of Bath Royal Society https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000288 NMG/R1/180252 Impact of lightning discharges on the lower ionosphere near the South African Square Kilometre Array cent_caer This data lives in the context of the corresponding publication entitled 'Six-component electromagnetic wave measurements of sprite-associated lightning'. Any use of the data outside this specific context is considered to be unethical. The data is described in three different forms that build on each other in a logical and hierarchical order. (1) High level description: All the data is described in textual form in the corresponding publication in extensive detail. (2) Low level description: The actual values of the data and their units which are used in the publication are embedded in the corresponding standard Matlab .fig files, one for each Figure. The Matlab programming language is explained on the website https://uk.mathworks.com/help/matlab/getting-started-with-matlab.html?s_cid=learn_doc. en 1 10.15125/BATH-01612 https://doi.org/10.1029/2025RS008543 pub open other The use of the data beyond the specific context of the corresponding publication, for which it was created, should be discussed with the lead author in the first instance. Otherwise, the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International applies.