As described in the manuscript, ten healthy men completed a preliminary assessment of body composition and an incremental cycling exercise test, before two main trials, where a 120-minute oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was completed either after rest or after moderate intensity cycling. Arterialised and venous blood samples were collected simultaneously at baseline (after a minimum 10 h fast) and at 15 minute intervals post glucose ingestion. To obtain arterialised samples, participants placed their dominant hand into a heated-air box set to a constant temperature of 55°C, and after 20 minutes, an intravenous cannula was fitted in the heated dorsal hand vein (retrograde). To obtain venous samples, an intravenous cannula was fitted in the antecubital fossa of the contralateral arm (antegrade). All samples for a given participant were analysed in batch within the same assay/plate.