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      <item>
        <name>
          <family>Kuchai</family>
          <given>Noorullah</given>
        </name>
        <id>N.Kuchai@bath.ac.uk</id>
        <orcid>0000-0003-1773-3051</orcid>
        <affiliation>University of Bath</affiliation>
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        <name>
          <family>Matard</family>
          <given>Aude</given>
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        <affiliation>University of Bath</affiliation>
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          <family>Coley</family>
          <given>David</given>
        </name>
        <id>D.A.Coley@bath.ac.uk</id>
        <orcid>0000-0001-5744-1809</orcid>
        <affiliation>University of Bath</affiliation>
        <contact>FALSE</contact>
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        <name>
          <family>Allen</family>
          <given>Stephen</given>
        </name>
        <id>S.R.Allen@bath.ac.uk</id>
        <orcid>0000-0002-0148-6466</orcid>
        <affiliation>University of Bath</affiliation>
        <contact>FALSE</contact>
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    <title>Embodied energy and embodied carbon of 81 shelters globally</title>
    <subjects>
      <item>CP0020</item>
      <item>CW0010</item>
      <item>EJ0010</item>
    </subjects>
    <divisions>
      <item>dept_civ_eng</item>
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    <keywords>building physics</keywords>
    <abstract>This excel file contains information and calculations used to estimate the embodied energy and the embodied carbon of emergency, transitional and durable shelters used to house displaced persons. The study considers a sample of 81 shelters drawn from 34 countries in South and Central America, Africa, Europe, the Middle East and Asia.</abstract>
    <date>2019-09-16</date>
    <publisher>University of Bath</publisher>
    <full_text_status>public</full_text_status>
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      <item>
        <funder_name>Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council</funder_name>
        <funder_id>https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000266</funder_id>
        <grant_id>EP/P029175/1</grant_id>
        <project_name>Healthy Housing for the Displaced</project_name>
      </item>
    </funding>
    <collection_method>In this research the boundary conditions for embodied energy and carbon estimates were “cradle-to-gate”, which are the boundary conditions of the ICE Database data. “Cradle-to-gate” boundaries include the energy and carbon associated with raw material extraction, transportation to manufacturing plants, and manufacturing and fabrication into building materials. They exclude: (i) energy and carbon associated with transportation to the construction site (as this study considers that the location is not yet known); (ii) the construction process itself; (iii) the operation of the finished building (which is climate, and thus also location, dependent); and (iv) the end of life (e.g. disposal) stage (as again this involves location-dependent figures, often unknown in a humanitarian context) The shelters were selected by prioritizing the documents that provided detailed bills of quantities. It should be stressed that our analysis and interest is not on commenting on the EE or EC of particular designs, but in looking at the summary statistics of the whole sample.</collection_method>
    <provenance>The ICE database was downloaded from http://www.circularecology.com/embodied-energy-and-carbon-footprint-database.html</provenance>
    <techinfo>The spreadsheet is in Microsoft Excel 2007+ format.</techinfo>
    <language>en</language>
    <version>1</version>
    <doi>10.15125/BATH-00550</doi>
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