XPS, UV-Vis, ECSA, Mott-Schottky and PEC measurements Handling: For XPS spectra plot binding energy (x-axis) against intensity. For UV-Vis plot energy (x-axis) against (FR*eV)^2 (y-axis). For PEC/CV measurements plot applied potential (x-axis) against photocurrent density (y-axis). For Mott-Schottky plot potential (x-axis) against 1/C2 (y-axis).