China’s Global Environmental Leadership (CGEL) Database – Version 1.0

Data collection method:

The CGEL Database was constructed through a multi-step case identification and validation process. First, we conducted structured searches across major databases on global environmental governance (PKULaw, IEADB, SDG Actions Platform, Climate Cooperative Initiative Database, Yearbook of International Organizations, and Database of Bilateral Clean Energy and Climate Agreements with China) to identify potential cases. Second, we supplemented these searches with a scoping review of relevant academic and grey literature on China’s role in global environmental governance. Third, we consulted experts working on related topics to identify additional cases that were not captured in existing sources.

Data processing and preparation activities:

Data were standardised and recoded according to a predefined codebook to ensure consistency in variable definitions and coding formats. All cases were screened by at least two researchers to confirm eligibility and to remove duplicates. Each initiative was then coded following the methodology specified in the codebook. Where multiple sources were available, information was cross-verified to ensure accuracy.

Technical details and requirements:

Data collection and coding were conducted using standard office software (e.g., Excel) for data entry and source documentation, and data were stored in CSV format. Structured templates and online forms were used to standardise data entry across coders. No specialised software is required to access or use the dataset, which can be opened with common spreadsheet tools (e.g., Excel or other CSV-compatible software).

Additional information:

The unit of analysis is an individual governance initiative. Variables are defined in a codebook provided alongside the dataset. Some variables involve interpretive coding. To ensure reliability, each case was independently coded by at least two researchers and reconciled through subsequent reviews. All sources used for coding were recorded to ensure transparency and traceability.