Dataset for “Ketogenic diet but not free-sugar restriction alters glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, peripheral tissue phenotype, and gut microbiome: RCT”

The dataset includes demographic data of participants (n=60) randomised to one of three groups:

1. CONTROL (moderate sugar) - reflecting the composition of a typical European diet;
2. Low sugar - the same composition of a typical European diet but with <5% energy intake from sugar;
3. Low carbohydrate - low carbohydrate diet with <5% energy intake from sugar, replacing carbohydrate energy with fat.

All laboratory trials took place at the University of Bath. Participants consumed these diets for period of 12 weeks, with laboratory visits at baseline, at week 4, and at week 12.

The types of data that were collected during the trials are as follows:

- Height;
- Body mass;
- Body composition (by Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry);
- Resting metabolic rate;
- Postprandial substrate oxidation;
- Exercise metabolism;
- Physical activity energy expenditure;
- Fasting and postprandial concentrations of circulating metabolites (e.g., glucose, lactate triacylglycerol) and hormones (e.g. insulin, C-peptide);
- Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measures of plasma (e.g., lipoprotein size and particle number);
- Skeletal muscle protein levels;
- Adipose tissue mRNA levels;
- Fasting haematology (e.g., white blood cell count, haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration);
- Urinary acetoacetate concentrations;
- Self-reported energy intake;
- Visual analogue scales for appetite and mood;
- Continuous glucose monitoring.