Dataset for "High freeze-casting cooling rates enhance the piezoelectric responses and reproducibility of porous lead zirconate titanate for sensing and energy harvesting"
This dataset is a part of the research article 'High freeze-casting cooling rates enhance the piezoelectric responses and reproducibility of porous lead zirconate titanate for sensing and energy harvesting'. It contains comprehensive characterization data for ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate PZT NCE51 ceramic, fabricated using a range of freeze-casting cooling rates ranging from 1 to 4 °C/min. This dataset contains hysteresis polarization-electric field loops, impedance spectroscopy data and scanning electron micrographs, which provide insights into the hierarchical relationships between processing, microstructure, and properties in freeze-cast ferroelectrics.
The dataset also contains the results from finite element modeling, demonstrating the effects of wall thickness (or mechanical clamping), pore channel defects (i.e., ceramic grains within pore channels) and wall defects (i.e., pores within ceramic walls) on bulk electromechanical properties. A model representing the residual stress state after poling, which demonstrates how residual stresses influence thermal stability in terms of piezoelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate near the Curie temperature.
This may be of interest to researchers focused on the design and characterization of advanced ferroelectric composites.
Cite this dataset as:
Vo-Bui, N.,
Khansur, N.,
Webber, K.,
Bowen, C.,
Roscow, J.,
2026.
Dataset for "High freeze-casting cooling rates enhance the piezoelectric responses and reproducibility of porous lead zirconate titanate for sensing and energy harvesting".
Bath: University of Bath Research Data Archive.
Available from: https://doi.org/10.15125/BATH-01625.
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Data
Freeze-cast … properties.xlsx
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet (20kB)
Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0
Datasheet summarizing the geometry, piezoelectric charge coefficient (d₃₃), and relative permittivity at constant stress εᵣ of freeze-cast PZT NCE51 fabricated at cooling rates ranging from 1 to 4 °C/min.
Freeze-cast … properties.xlsx
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet (18kB)
Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0
Datasheet summarizing the geometry and the compressive strength of freeze-cast PZT NCE51 fabricated at cooling rates ranging from 1 to 4 °C/min.
SEM_Wall_thickness_results.xlsx
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet (9MB)
Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0
Measurements of the freeze-cast PZT NCE51 ceramic wall thickness fabricated at cooling rates ranging from 1 to 4 °C/min.
SEM images.zip
application/zip (18MB)
Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0
Scanning electron micrographs illustrating the microstructure of freeze-cast PZT NCE51 fabricated at various cooling rates.
Impedance data.zip
application/zip (77kB)
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Impedance results of dense and porous PZT NCE51 fabricated at various freeze-cast cooling rates.
PE loops.zip
application/zip (661kB)
Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0
Hysteresis polarization-field (P-E) data of freeze-cast and dense PZT NCE51 evaluated at a field of 12 kV/cm
Depolarization.zip
application/zip (751kB)
Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0
These files outline the temperature dependent piezoelectric charge coefficient (d₃₃), and relative permittivity at constant stress εᵣ of freeze-cast PZT NCE51 fabricated at cooling rates ranging from 1 to 4 °C/min.
FE_simulation … microstructures.xlsx
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet (30kB)
Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0
Finite element results demonstrating the effects of 1) wall thickness (i.e., mechanical clamping), 2) pore channel effects (i.e., ceramic grains within pore channels) and 3) wall defects (i.e., pores within ceramic walls) on the bulk electromechanical and functional properties of 2-2 connectivity type freeze-cast ceramics
Instron_strain_calibration.zip
application/zip (74kB)
Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0
This folder outlines the compression testing data of aluminium 6063-T3, brass CZ121 and PZT NCE51 in pellet forms, used to calibrate the strain calculated from the Instron testing machine.
Code
FE model - poling.zip
application/zip (123MB)
Software: MIT License
Finite element ANSYS APDL code to demonstrate the effects of 1) wall thickness (i.e., mechanical clamping), 2) pore channel effects (i.e., ceramic grains within pore channels) and 3) wall defects (i.e., pores within ceramic walls) on the bulk electromechanical and functional properties of 2-2 connectivity type freeze-cast ceramics
FE model - residual stress.zip
application/zip (94MB)
Software: MIT License
Finite element ANSYS APDL code to demonstrate the effects of wall thickness (i.e., mechanical clamping) on the residual stress upon the release of the applied field.
Creators
Nguyen Vo-Bui
University of Bath
Neamu Khansur
Case Western Reserve University
Kyle Webber
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Chris Bowen
University of Bath
James Roscow
University of Bath
Contributors
University of Bath
Rights Holder
Documentation
Data collection method:
Full details of the methodology can be found in Section 2 of the associated research article.
Funders
Mrs Bui Thi Thanh Nga
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000266
Impact Acceleration Award 6
EP/X525650/1
UK Research and Innovation
https://doi.org/10.13039/100014013
Frontier Research Guarantee - Processing of Smart Porous Electro-Ceramic Transducers (ProSPECT)
EP/X023265/1
Publication details
Publication date: 20 March 2026
by: University of Bath
Version: 1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15125/BATH-01625
URL for this record: https://researchdata.bath.ac.uk/1625
Related papers and books
Vo-Bui, N. A., Khansur, N. H., Webber, K. G., Bowen, C. R., and Roscow, J. I., 2026. High freeze-casting cooling rates enhance the piezoelectric responses and reproducibility of porous lead zirconate titanate for sensing and energy harvesting. APL Electronic Devices, 2(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0319016.
Contact information
Please contact the Research Data Service in the first instance for all matters concerning this item.
Contact person: Nguyen Vo-Bui
Faculty of Engineering & Design
Mechanical Engineering
Research Centres & Institutes
Centre for Integrated Materials, Processes & Structures (IMPS)
